10 Common Web Application Vulnerabilities

Web application vulnerabilities are like cracks in the walls of a building. You don’t always notice them, but if left unpatched, they’re exactly where burglars sneak in. On the internet, these “burglars” are cybercriminals, and the cracks are flaws in websites, apps, and sometimes even in our own habits.

You might think these attacks only happen to big corporations, but in reality, everyday internet users often suffer the consequences—whether it’s stolen passwords, drained bank accounts, or identity theft.

The Most Common Web Application Vulnerabilities

The biggest online threats you should know about include:

• Phishing attacks
• Fake websites (spoofing)
• Malware and malicious ads (malvertising)
• SQL injection
• Cross-site scripting (XSS)
• Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
• Weak password practices
• Identity theft
• Account hijacking
• Data breaches

Let’s unpack these one by one.

Tricks Hackers Use to Steal Your Information

Phishing Attacks

Imagine you get an email that looks exactly like it’s from your bank: same logo, same style, even the same wording. It asks you to “confirm your password.” That’s phishing—a scam designed to trick you into handing over your sensitive details.

Real-world case: In 2020, Google reported blocking over 100 million phishing emails per day.

 - How to defend yourself: Never click links from suspicious emails. Type the website address yourself or use official apps.

Spoofed (Fake) Websites

Ever mistyped “amaz0n.com” instead of “amazon.com”? Hackers buy domains that look nearly identical to real ones, then set up fake websites to steal logins or credit card details.

 - How to defend yourself: Always double-check the web address and look for HTTPS (padlock symbol) in your browser.

Malware & Malvertising

Sometimes, the danger is hidden in flashy banner ads or free downloads. Malvertising is when hackers insert malicious ads on otherwise legitimate websites. One careless click can install malware on your device.

Real-world case: Major sites like The New York Times and BBC have unknowingly displayed malicious ads in the past.

 - How to defend yourself: Keep antivirus and browsers updated, and don’t download files from unknown sites.

Technical Web Vulnerabilities That Put Your Data at Risk

These are a bit more technical, but understanding them helps explain why your data sometimes gets leaked.

SQL Injection

Think of a badly locked filing cabinet. SQL injection is when hackers “pick the lock” by sneaking malicious commands into a website’s database. That’s how they steal personal records like emails and passwords.

Real-world case: The 2017 Equifax breach (147 million people affected) was partly due to vulnerabilities like this.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

XSS is when hackers inject malicious scripts into a trusted website. For example, you’re reading a forum post, but hidden inside is code that steals your login cookie. It’s like someone slipping poison into your coffee at your favorite café.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

CSRF tricks your browser into performing actions you didn’t intend—like transferring money—just because you’re logged in somewhere else. Think of it as a hacker forging your signature while you’re distracted.

Consequences for Everyday Users

Identity Theft

Once criminals have your personal info, they can open bank accounts, apply for loans, or even commit crimes in your name. It’s like handing over your wallet and ID to a stranger.

Account Hijacking

Ever been locked out of your email, social media, or Netflix? That’s account hijacking. Hackers love reselling stolen accounts on the dark web.

Data Breaches

When companies get hacked, your data may end up for sale online. Even if you weren’t personally targeted, your password or credit card info might be exposed.

How to Protect Yourself from Common Web Threats

You don’t need to be a cybersecurity expert to stay safe. A few smart habits go a long way:

• Use strong, unique passwords for each account (consider a password manager).
• Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) wherever possible.
• Always check for HTTPS (the padlock icon) before entering sensitive info.
• Stay skeptical of emails, texts, or calls urging you to “act fast.”
• Keep your devices and apps updated—patches close those cracks hackers exploit.
• Never reuse the same password across multiple sites.

This was just the big picture. In upcoming posts, we’ll take a deep dive into each category—starting with phishing attacks, the most common way hackers trick everyday users.

The goal? To give you the knowledge (and confidence) to spot these scams before they spot you.

Stay tuned—and stay safe.